Explanation of Diagnosis

An ingrown toenail occurs when the edge of the toenail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain, redness, swelling, and possible infection. It commonly affects the big toe and is caused by improper nail trimming, tight shoes, injury, or genetics. If left untreated, it can lead to infection or an abscess requiring medical treatment.

Specific Work Modifications

• Avoid prolonged standing or walking, especially if there is pain or swelling.
• Wear wide, breathable shoes to prevent pressure on the affected toe.
• Use cushioned insoles to reduce foot strain.
• Take sitting breaks if standing for long periods.
• If infected, consider light-duty work to minimize weight-bearing stress.

Specific Activity Modifications

• Avoid tight or restrictive footwear during activities (e.g., running shoes with a wide toe box).
• Modify workouts by switching to low-impact exercises such as cycling or swimming.
• Avoid barefoot activities (e.g., martial arts, yoga on hard surfaces) to prevent further irritation.
• Do not pick or forcefully trim the nail, as this can worsen the condition.

Recommended Supplements

• Vitamin C (500 mg daily) – Supports skin healing and reduces infection risk.
• Zinc (30 mg daily) – Helps with wound healing.
• Omega-3 fatty acids (1000 mg daily) – Reduces inflammation and swelling.
• Probiotics (10-20 billion CFU daily) – Supports immune function to fight infection.
• Turmeric (500 mg twice daily) – Natural anti-inflammatory.

Recommended Nutrition and Hydration

Diet Recommendations:

• Anti-inflammatory foods: Leafy greens, berries, nuts, and fatty fish (salmon).
• Immune-boosting foods: Citrus fruits, garlic, yogurt (probiotics), and almonds.
• Protein-rich foods: Chicken, eggs, lentils, and dairy to support skin healing.
• Limit processed foods, excess sugar, and alcohol, which can worsen inflammation.

Hydration Tips:

• Drink at least 2–3 liters of water daily to support skin healing.
• Limit caffeine and alcohol, which can dehydrate tissues and slow recovery.

Home Treatment & Prevention

Perform daily foot care to relieve pain and prevent infection:

1. Soak Feet in Warm Salt Water (15-20 min, 2-3 times daily)

1. • Use Epsom salt (1-2 tablespoons per quart of warm water) to reduce swelling and soften the nail.

2. Gently Lift the Nail Edge (if possible)

1. • After soaking, use a clean cotton ball or dental floss to gently lift the nail edge and prevent further growth into the skin.

3. Apply Antibiotic Ointment

1. • Use bacitracin or Neosporin and cover with a loose bandage to prevent infection.

4. Wear Open-Toed or Wide-Toe Box Shoes

1. • Avoid tight-fitting shoes until pain and swelling resolve.

5. Trim Nails Properly

1. • Cut nails straight across (not rounded) to prevent future ingrowth.
   • Avoid cutting nails too short.

6. Monitor for Signs of Infection

1. • Redness, pus, worsening pain, or fever may indicate infection requiring medical attention.

When to Seek Medical Care

• Severe pain or spreading infection (pus, redness spreading up the toe).
• No improvement with home care after 5-7 days.
• Recurring ingrown toenails, which may require a minor procedure to remove part of the nail.

Helpful Books

1. "Every Woman’s Guide to Foot Pain Relief: The New Science of Healthy Feet" – Katy Bowman
2. "Fixing Your Feet: Injury Prevention and Treatment for Athletes" – John Vonhof

Contact the Key West orthopedic clinic or reach out to Dr. Jason Pirozzolo.